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Artificial Intelligence and Law – An Overview and History | Guest Speaker: Harry Surden
Associate Professor of Law, University of Colorado; Affiliated Faculty, CodeX
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Artificial Intelligence Law
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Having a usable definition of AI – and soon – is vital for regulation and governance because laws and policies simply will not operate without one. This definition problem crops up in all regulatory contexts, from ensuring truthful use of the term “AI” in product advertising right through to establishing how next-generation automated weapons systems (AWSs) are treated under the laws of war.
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Artificial Intelligence (AI) Ethics: Law, Governance and Public Policy
Artificial intelligence is fraught with legal, ethical, and public policy challenges. This episode brings two esteemed experts to discuss these issues and present guidance for both commercial companies and the public sector.
Dr. David A. Bray is CIO of Federal Communications Commission. He began work in public service at age 15, later serving in the private sector before returning as IT Chief for the CDC’s Bioterrorism Preparedness and Response Program during 9/11; volunteering to deploy to Afghanistan to “think differently” on military and humanitarian issues; and serving as a Senior Executive advocating for increased information interoperability, cybersecurity, and civil liberty protections. He serves as a Visiting Executive In-Residence at Harvard University, a member of the Council on Foreign Relations, and a Visiting Associate at the University of Oxford.
Kay Firth-Butterfield is a Barrister and part-time Judge and has worked as a mediator, arbitrator, business owner and professor in the United Kingdom. In the United States, she is Chief Officer, and member, of the Lucid.ai Ethics Advisory Panel (EAP) and an adjunct Professor of Law. Kay is a humanitarian with a strong sense of social justice and has advanced degrees in Law and International Relations. Kay co-founded the Consortium for Law and Policy of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics at the University of Texas and taught its first course: Artificial Intelligence and Emerging Technologies: Law and Policy. She is Vice Chair of the IEEE Industry Connections Committee “Global Initiative for Ethical Considerations in the Design of Autonomous Systems”.
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Artificial Intelligence Today—Tomorrow's Legal Challenges of Machine Learning
United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit 2017 Ninth Circuit Judicial Conference
Artificial Intelligence Today—Tomorrow's Legal Challenges of Machine Learning Once an area limited primarily to academic study, Artificial Intelligence ("AI") now enables a constellation of technologies that we take for granted such as Internet search algorithms; computer and phone speech assistants; self-driving cars; health care diagnostics; investment platforms; industrial robots; and home heating; cooling and security. This is just the beginning. AI technology is growing rapidly. As it grows, it will not merely be an aid to human activity, but a powerful force that reshapes our world, our thinking, our lives, and our constitutional principles. In this panel presentation we discuss what AI is, its status today, what the future might hold, and some of the critical issues courts may face in addressing the impact of AI. Introduction: Michelle M. Pettit, Assistant U.S. Attorney, CAS At-Large Member, Conference Executive Committee
Speakers:
Hon. Mariano-Florentino Cuéllar, Associate Justice, California Supreme Court
Ryan Calo, Assistant Professor, University of Washington School of Law and Co-Director, Washington Tech Policy Lab, University of Washington
Kate Crawford, Principal Researcher, Microsoft Corporation Social Media Collective, and Senior Fellow, New York University, Information and Law Institute
Tim Hwang, Esq., Google Policy Team
Yann LeCun, Director of AI Research at Facebook, Silver Professor of Dara Science, Computer Science, Neural Science, and Electrical Engineering, New York University
William Santana Li, CEO & Founder, Knightscope Inc.
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Intellectual Property (IP) Ownership
...recent artificial intelligence case, in which the US District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia held that an AI system cannot be named as an inventor on a patent. Unlike US patent law, US copyright law does not have an express requirement of human authorship; however, US courts and the US Copyright Office generally operate on the basis of this requirement and deny registrations of works not created by humans. In fact, the Compendium of US Copyright Office Practices—a manual produced by the US Copyright Office, intended for use primarily by the Copyright Office staff as a general guide to policies and procedures such as registration, deposit and recordation—states, “the term ‘authorship’ implies that, for a work to be copyrightable, it must owe its origin to a human being”. Materials produced solely by nature, by plants, or by animals are not copyrightable. The metaverse could have virtual creations by avatars and AI aspects built into them. If such creations are deemed to be AI creations and not human creations, they may not be allowed certain types of intellectual property protection. A Brief Overview of the Metaverse and the Legal Challenges It Will Present | Rahul Kapoor & Shokoh Yaghoubi - JDSUPRA
Amnesty International
Amnesty International is fighting the use of AI to abuse human rights in a number of ways, including:
- Research and advocacy: Amnesty International conducts research on the impact of AI on human rights, and uses this research to advocate for policies and practices that protect human rights. For example, Amnesty International has called for a ban on the use of facial recognition technology by law enforcement, and for the development of ethical AI principles that are based on human rights.
- Collaboration with other organizations: Amnesty International collaborates with other organizations, such as the European Parliament and the United Nations, to raise awareness of the human rights risks of AI and to advocate for solutions.
- Legal action: Amnesty International has taken legal action against companies and governments that use AI in ways that violate human rights. For example, Amnesty International has filed a lawsuit against Clearview AI, a company that collects and sells facial recognition data without people's consent.
- Public education: Amnesty International educates the public about the human rights risks of AI, and encourages people to take action to protect their rights. For example, Amnesty International has launched a campaign to raise awareness of the use of AI in mass surveillance.
Amnesty International's work to fight the use of AI to abuse human rights is important because AI has the potential to be a powerful tool for good or for harm. By working to ensure that AI is used in a way that respects human rights, Amnesty International is helping to create a more just and equitable world.
Here are some specific examples of Amnesty International's work on this issue:
- In 2019, Amnesty International published a report called "The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Human Rights". The report found that AI is being used in ways that violate a wide range of human rights, including the right to privacy, the right to freedom of expression, and the right to a fair trial.
- In 2020, Amnesty International launched a campaign called "Ban the Scan". The campaign calls for a ban on the use of facial recognition technology by law enforcement.
- In 2021, Amnesty International filed a lawsuit against Clearview AI, a company that collects and sells facial recognition data without people's consent. The lawsuit alleges that Clearview AI's practices violate the privacy rights of millions of people.
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