Gaming

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Gaming Evolution

Meta: Diplomacy 2022

Cicero, has demonstrated the ability to play the strategy game Diplomacy at a level that rivals human performance. Cicero can engage in game conversations and negotiations without most human players realizing they are interacting with a machine. During gameplay on an online league, Cicero sent over 5,000 messages to human players, and its identity as an AI remained undetected. Cicero's performance was impressive, ranking in the top 10% of players. The integration of AI into the game of Diplomacy has shown that machines can effectively mimic human negotiation tactics and strategic thinking. Cicero's achievements in Diplomacy are a testament to the potential of AI in complex human interactions. As AI continues to evolve, it will undoubtedly transform the landscape of diplomacy, offering new tools and methods to support diplomatic efforts.

NVIDIA: 40 Years on, PAC-MAN ...2020

  • GameGAN, a generative adversarial network trained on 50,000 PAC-MAN episodes, produces a fully functional version of the dot-munching classic without an underlying game engine.

OpenAI: Hide and Seek ... 2019

Meta: Brown & Sandholm: 6-player Poker ...2019

  • Occlusions
  • Facebook and Carnegie Mellon (CMU) ‘superhuman’ poker AI beats human pros, ‘It can bluff better than any human.’ | James Vincent - The Verge

Google DeepMind AlphaStar: StarCraft II ... 2019

OpenAI: Dota 2 ...2018

Google DeepMind AlphaGo Zero: Go ...2016

AlphaGo is a computer program developed by Google DeepMind that uses artificial intelligence (AI) to play the board game Go. In 2016, AlphaGo made history by becoming the first computer program to defeat a professional Go player, Lee Sedol, in a five-game match.

During the second game of the match, AlphaGo made a surprising move, known as Move 37, which stunned the Go community and left Lee Sedol speechless. The move involved placing a stone in an unexpected location on the board, which initially appeared to be a mistake. However, as the game progressed, it became clear that the move was part of a complex strategy that allowed AlphaGo to gain an advantage over Lee Sedol. Move 37 is significant because it demonstrated the power of AlphaGo's AI algorithms and its ability to think creatively and strategically. The move was not based on any known human strategy or prior knowledge of the game, but rather on AlphaGo's own analysis and evaluation of the board position.


What would have happened with human-in-the-loop on Move 37?


The move highlighted the limitations of human intuition and the potential for AI to uncover new insights and strategies in complex domains. If a human expert had been involved in the decision-making process for Move 37, they might have questioned AlphaGo's choice and suggested a more conventional move. This could have prevented AlphaGo from making the unexpected and seemingly risky move that ultimately led to its victory.


Andrew Jackson & Josh Hoak: Minigo ...2018

an open source, unofficial implementation of AlphaGo Zero using Reinforcement Learning (RL) approaches can be massively parallelized, so Kubernetes seems like a natural fit, as Kubernetes is all about reducing the overhead for managing applications. However, it can be daunting to wade into Kubernetes and Machine Learning, especially when you add in hardware accelerators like GPUs or TPUs! This talk will break down how you can use Kubernetes and TensorFlow to create, in relatively few lines of code, a tabula rasa AI that can play the game of Go, inspired by the AlphaZero algorithm published by Deepmind. This talk will rely on GPUs, TPUs, TensorFlow, KubeFlow, and large-scale Kubernetes Engine clusters. Uses self-play with Monte Carlo Tree Search and refining the Policy/Value along the way.

Google DeepMind: Atari video games ...2015

IBM: Watson: Jeopardy ...2011

IBM: Deep Blue: Chess ...1997

John Conway: The Game of Life (GoL) ...1970

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The Rules

  • For a space that is 'populated':
    • Each cell with one or no neighbors dies, as if by solitude.
    • Each cell with four or more neighbors dies, as if by overpopulation.
    • Each cell with two or three neighbors survives.
  • For a space that is 'empty' or 'unpopulated'
    • Each cell with three neighbors becomes populated.

Donald Waterman: Draw Poker ...1968

Martin Gardner: Hexapawn ...1962

A simple game on a 3x3 grid, where each side has 3 chess pawns. The objective is to get a pawn to the other side of the board, or leave the opponent unable to move. Normal chess rules apply except that the pawns are not allowed a double move from their starting position. Not really intended as a two-player game, it was designed to demonstrate an artificial intelligence learning technique by using beads in matchboxes. (Old enough to remember matchboxes?) Twenty-four matchboxes were used to represent the possible moves. Essentially, there were two phases. The first phase was to "teach" the matchbox computer to play the game, then a second phase allowed the matchbox computer to play other opponents. The learning speed depended on the skill of the opponent in the teaching phase. Martin Gardner first published this in his Mathematical Games column in March 1962, and subsequently in his book, "The Unexpected Hanging". Board Game Geek

Donald Michie: Noughts and Crosses ...1960

MENACE (the Machine Educable Noughts And Crosses Engine) “learns” to play Noughts and Crosses by playing the game repeatedly against another player, each time refining its strategy until after having played a certain number of games it becomes almost perfect and its opponent is only able to draw or lose against it. The learning process involves being “punished” for losing and “rewarded” for drawing or winning, in much the same way that a child learns. This type of machine learning is called Reinforcement Learning (RL). Menace: the Machine Educable Noughts And Crosses Engine | Oliver Child - Chalkdust

MENACE makes a move when the human player randomly picks a bead out of the box that represents the game’s current state. The colour of the bead determines where MENACE will move. In some versions of MENACE, there were beads that only represented more blatant moves such as the side, centre, or corner. The human player chooses the beads at random, just like a neural network’s weights are random at the start. Also like weights, the beads are adjusted when there is failure or success. At the end of each game, if MENACE loses, each bead MENACE used is removed from each box. If MENACE wins, three beads the same as the colour used during each individual turn are added to their respective box. If if the game resulted in a draw, one bead is added. How 300 Matchboxes Learned to Play Tic-Tac-Toe Using MENACE | Caspar Wylie - Open Data Science (ODSC)

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Arthur Samuel: Checkers ...1950s

Gamification

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Gamification is the strategic attempt to enhance systems, services, organizations, and activities in order to create similar experiences to those experienced when playing games in order to motivate and engage users. This is generally accomplished through the application of game-design elements and game principles (dynamics and mechanics) in non-game contexts. It can also be defined as a set of activities and processes to solve problems by using or applying the characteristics of game elements. Gamification is part of persuasive system design, and it commonly employs game design elements to improve user engagement, organizational productivity, flow, learning, crowdsourcing, knowledge retention, employee recruitment and evaluation, ease of use, usefulness of systems, physical exercise, traffic violations, voter apathy, public attitudes about alternative energy, and more. A collection of research on gamification shows that a majority of studies on gamification find it has positive effects on individuals. However, individual and contextual differences exist. Wikipedia

Crypto Metaverse

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Since the concept is slowly starting to become more mainstream as several big-name companies are embracing it and some analysts are calling it “the next big investment theme.”

Non-Fungible Token (NFT) - is a unique and non-interchangeable unit of data stored on a digital ledger (blockchain). NFTs can be associated with easily-reproducible items such as photos, videos, audio, and other types of digital files as unique items (analogous to a certificate of authenticity), and use blockchain technology to give the NFT a public proof of ownership. Copies of the original file are not restricted to the owner of the NFT, and can be copied and shared like any file. The lack of interchangeability (fungibility) distinguishes NFTs from blockchain cryptocurrencies, such as Bitcoin. Wikipedia

GameFi

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The platform is for blockchain game players, shareholders, and investors. The framework is a digital NFT gaming global market where gamers can take part in famous play-to-earn game projects, investors can put the money, and new NFT game designers can enroll their innovative games for greater exposure. All at the same, GameFi is the very first global market to allow in-game products and NFTs to be traded across games. Icetea Labs, an incubator for rapidly increasing initiatives such as Faraland and Kaby Arena, and DAO Maker, a launching pad for multiple high game projects, both firmly favor GameFi. This partnership is an essential step in laying the groundwork for the expansion of GameFi’s environment. Read more to know about the GameFi launchpad, team members the roadmap. GameFi Launchpad Review: How to participate in GameFi IDOs

Polygon

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  • Polygon is a protocol and a framework for building and connecting Ethereum-compatible blockchain networks. Aggregating scalable solutions on Ethereum supporting a multi-chain Ethereum ecosystem. ... NFT Gaming

Sandbox

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The Sandbox is a community-driven platform where creators can monetize voxel ASSETS and gaming experiences on the Blockchain.

The Sandbox is a virtual gaming world, where players are able to create, build, trade, own, and monetise their gaming within the Ethereum Blockchain. The aim is to provide gamers with actual ownership of in-game items as NFTs (non-fungible tokens) and reward them for their playtime and participation within the games ecosystem – contrary to existing game makers like Minecraft and [[Game Development with Generative AI#Roblox|Roblox]. $SAND is the currency of THE SANDBOX and is used for all transactions. It allows users access to the platform, enables them to play games, stake (if desired), and earn rewards. $SAND token is currently listed on over 20 exchanges, with the most well-known being; Crypto.com, Bittrex, and Kraken amongst others. The Sandbox is currently one of the top 5 Metaverse projects representing approximately 7% of the sector. The METAVERSE Is Coming and It Will Be HUGE | Bitcoinist

The Sandbox, a subsidiary of Animoca Brands, is one of the decentralized virtual worlds that has been fueling the recent growth of virtual real-estate demand, having partnered with major IPs and brands including The Walking Dead, Atari, Rollercoaster Tycoon, Care Bears, The Smurfs, Shaun the Sheep, and Binance. Building on existing The Sandbox IP that has more than 40 million global installs on mobile, The Sandbox metaverse offers players and creators a decentralized and intuitive platform to create immersive 3D worlds and game experiences and to safely store, trade, and monetize their creations. SuperFarm Enters the Sandbox | Elliot Wainman - Medium

Axie Infinity

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Axie was built as a fun and educational way to introduce the world to Blockchain technology. Many of the original team members met playing Crypto kitties, and it was their first time ever using blockchain]] for anything other than pure speculation. They soon started working on Axie to introduce the magic of Blockchain technology to billions of players. The Vision

  • We believe in a future where work and play become one.
  • We believe in empowering our players and giving them economic opportunities.
  • Most of all, we have a dream that battling and collecting cute creatures can change the world.
  • Welcome to our revolution.

In short, Axie Infinity is a Pokemon-inspired game based on the Blockchain, where players can battle other players and earn money. Axies are unique digital assets stored on Axie’s’ own Blockchain and owned in the form of an NFT. The most expensive Axie sold to date was for 300 ETH (Ethereum). To create a new Axie, existing Axie owners must “breed” them by spending in-game currency earned within the game or purchased from an exchange. By winning battles, or selling their Axies to another player, owners can earn the in-game currency. Any earnings can then be sold or traded on the open market for money, generating income for players. Released in March 2018, Axie was one of the first to combine Crypto, Play To Earn, NFT’s, and METAVERSE and it continues to grow with a total trading volume that exceeds $2.4 billion.The METAVERSE Is Coming and It Will Be HUGE | Bitcoinist

JEDSTAR

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JEDSTAR is a fairly new project, launching in August 2021. It’s a 3 token, decentralized ecosystem; which consists of $JED, a DeFi token, $KRED, a GameFi token, and $ZED, a Governance token. They will also launch AGORA – an NFT marketplace where players can buy, sell and trade their in-game NFTs. The first token launched was the DeFi token $JED in August 2021 and the second token $KRED will be the in-game currency and the currency for the AGORA NFT Marketplace which will be launching in November 2021. $ZED, the governance token, will be launching sometime after that, possibly early 2022. Also in development at JEDSTAR is a DCCG (Digital Collectible Card Game) which is under construction at Frag Games and a Massively Multiplayer Online Role-Playing Game (MMORPG) both games will use $KRED as the in-game currency. They also have a partnership with SkillGaming for the upcoming STARDOME which will also use $KRED as its in-game currency but this partnership will also enable players to easily convert their fiat currency into $KRED facilitating an easier way for people to access cryptocurrency, therefore, helping mass adoption of cryptocurrency in general.The METAVERSE Is Coming and It Will Be HUGE | Bitcoinist

Black Eye Galaxy

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Vast cross-chain VR space odyssey, Black Eye Galaxy, has partnered with NFT marketplace, Hodooi, for the next step of their cosmic journey. Now, they have a versatile trading platform to match their multi-chain ambitions. Black Eye Galaxy is a massive play-to-earn Blockchain game where NFTs represent spaceships and planets, thus allowing gamers to explore the vast unknown. On their journey through this most final of all frontiers, players can mine planets resources, explore space, and develop intricate in-game economies. The VR space experience will test more than just battle prowess. Players can terraform planets, build civilizations, levy taxes, and forge alliances. The gaming mechanics even allow for custom currencies to feed homegrown economies. The result is a game that will potentially allow users to unleash their inner tyrant, and rule with an iron fist. Furthermore, Black Eye Galaxy prides itself in its cross-chain vision. Consequently, each “star cluster” involved represents a different layer 1 chain. With this in mind, Binance will kick things off, with additional Blockchains arriving at a later date. Expect a land sale later in the year, and Ethereum connectivity in Q1 2022. Hodooi is set to help them on the way with their own in-built interoperability, allowing the seamless trading of in-game assets between factions. The result is an interesting experiment in multi-chain gaming.Black Eye Galaxy Play-To-Earn Forms Cross-Chain Alliance with Hodooi | Russell - NFT Gaming News

SuperFarm

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SuperFarm is proudly partnering with The Sandbox, a community-driven platform where creators can monetize voxel assets and gaming experiences on the Blockchain. The SuperFarm ecosystem is excited to announce the acquisition of an XL estate that the SuperFarm community will soon call home. This contiguous plot is a whopping 24x24 (or 576) parcels in size, allowing players to build and explore in a 3-dimensional virtual space. This collaboration between The Sandbox and SuperFarm lays the foundation for a robust player-driven ecosystem that spans the metaverse and drives even more utility to SuperFarm NFTs! This is HUGE for SuperFarm related NFT projects which will now have a dedicated home in the Sandbox. From the EllioTrades Collection to SuperFarm Genesis cards and more, soon holders will be able to flex their incredible assets in the blockchain’s favorite voxel-verse. This partnership will be paired with a ton of community-centric initiatives to drive excitement and engagement with existing and future NFT collections.

MetaWars

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MetaWars is a multiplayer strategy / roleplaying game with a vast universe powered by a growing digital economy built on Blockchain technology. Choose your own path using a vast collection of NFTs and impact every major event across the Galaxy. As Battles rage and governments fall, it is up to you to earn your share of the vast fortunes that await.

Introducing MetaWars, the newest play-to-earn Non-Fungible Token (NFT) game. MetaWars is a multiplayer strategy and roleplaying game powered by a growing digital economy built on Blockchain technology. The gameplay invites players to join a highly immersive digital metaverse game set in space, allowing users to earn cryptocurrency and NFTs as rewards. MetaWars has infinite universes where players can choose their own path using a vast collection of NFTs, and impact major events across the galaxy. The game challenges its players to earn their share of the vast fortunes as battle rages and governments fall in the MetaWars universe. MetaWars ($WARS, $GAM): NFT Gaming in Space | Amree Wayne

More...

Wordle

Oh, wait, actually the best Wordle opener is not “crane”
Following up on the Worlde-solver, discussing a minor bug and more details about how the best first word was chosen.

Wordle Champion - Coding Perfect Wordle Ai
ey, have you heard of Wordle yet? Stop lying - I know you have! And while it is a super fun game to play for humans, I wanted to let computers in on the action. In this video, I explain and implement a Wordle algorithm in Python which is ALWAYS able to find the secret word in 6 tries or fewer (4 tries on average).

I test the Wordle bot not only on the official wordle website (https://www.powerlanguage.co.uk/wordle/) but on another website that lets you play many times a day (https://octokatherine.github.io/word-...).

I even enter a Wordle Bot Competition and place in the top 10 (https://botfights.io/game/wordle).

So what is the bot's wordle strategy? Well, we consider every possible guessing word and every possible answer. Every guessing word yields us information (green for correct letter in correct location, yellow for correct letter in wrong location, and gray for incorrect letter). We choose a guess that helps us narrow down our answer list the most. Particularly, we choose the guess that guarantees the most narrowing down. I explain this algorithm in detail in the video.

After that, we get the list of all possible guess and answer words from this subreddit (https://www.reddit.com/r/wordle/comme...). Then, it is just a matter of Python implementation.

The solution is 100% accurate and typically takes under 3 seconds to solve an entire puzzle. When I run it on the websites mentioned above, it is clear that it excels at its job!

Do you know how my wordle ai can be improved? Or at least sped up? Let me know in the comments and maybe we can crack top 5 in the botfights competition to be a true wordle hacker!

If you watched this video, you probably like code! Here is the code for my wordle solver: https://github.com/techtribeyt/Wordle

Airport CEO

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S1:E1 Airport CEO - Extreme Difficulty - An Aggressive Start
In this episode, we kick off a new series playing Airport CEO on extreme difficulty and showcasing a very aggressive start where we embrace debt and expand rapidly. Airport CEO is a city-builder / tycoon game where the player is acting as CEO of an airport.

BETTER Baggage Security! | Airport CEO
Come fly with me..

Other Videos

Books

Invent Your Own Computer Games with Python | Al Sweigart

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Deep Learning and the Game of Go | Max Pumperla, Kevin Ferguson

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Hands-On Deep Learning for Games: Leverage the power of neural networks and reinforcement learning to build intelligent games | Micheal Lanham

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Machine learning and Artificial Intelligence 2.0 with Big Data: Building Video Games using Python 3.7 and Pygame | Narendra Mohan Mittal

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