Sequence to Sequence (Seq2Seq)

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• State Space Model (SSM) ... Mamba ... Sequence to Sequence (Seq2Seq) ... Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) ... Convolutional Neural Network (CNN)
• Large Language Model (LLM) ... Multimodal ... Foundation Models (FM) ... Generative Pre-trained ... Transformer ... GPT-4 ... GPT-5 ... Attention ... GAN ... BERT
• Natural Language Processing (NLP) ... Generation (NLG) ... Classification (NLC) ... Understanding (NLU) ... Translation ... Summarization ... Sentiment ... Tools
• Open Seq2Seq | NVIDIA
• Visualizing A Neural Machine Translation Model (Mechanics of Seq2seq Models With Attention) | Jay Alammar
• Autoencoder (AE) / Encoder-Decoder
• Embedding - projecting an input into another more convenient representation space; e.g. word represented by a vector
  • Embedding ... Fine-tuning ... RAG ... Search ... Clustering ... Recommendation ... Anomaly Detection ... Classification ... Dimensional Reduction. ...find outliers
• NLP Keras model in browser with TensorFlow.js
• LOOKING FOR SEQUENCE DIAGRAMS
• NLP - Sequence to Sequence Networks - Part 1 - Processing text data | Mohammed Ma'amari - Towards Data Science
• Understanding Encoder-Decoder Sequence to Sequence Model | Simeon Kostadinov - Towards Data Science
• End-to-End Speech ... Synthesize Speech ... Speech Recognition ... Music
• Artificial Intelligence (AI) ... Generative AI ... Machine Learning (ML) ... Deep Learning ... Neural Network ... Reinforcement ... Learning Techniques
• Conversational AI ... ChatGPT | OpenAI ... Bing/Copilot | Microsoft ... Gemini | Google ... Claude | Anthropic ... Perplexity ... You ... phind ... Ernie | Baidu
  • ChatGPT is everywhere. Here’s where it came from | Will Douglas Heaven - MIT Technology Review
    • ChatGPT | OpenAI

A general-purpose encoder-decoder that can be used for machine translation, text summarization, [[conversational modeling, image captioning, interpreting dialects of software code, and more. The encoder processes each item in the input sequence, it compiles the information it captures into a vector (called the context). After processing the entire input sequence, the encoder sends the context over to the decoder, which begins producing the output sequence item by item. The context is a vector (an array of numbers, basically) in the case of machine translation. The encoder and decoder tend to both be Recurrent Neural Network (RNN). Visualizing A Neural Machine Translation Model (Mechanics of Seq2seq Models With Attention) | Jay Alammar

Seq2seq | GitHub

We essentially have two different recurrent neural networks tied together here — the encoder RNN (bottom left boxes) listens to the input tokens until it gets a special <DONE> token, and then the decoder RNN (top right boxes) takes over and starts generating tokens, also finishing with its own <DONE> token. The encoder RNN evolves its internal state (depicted by light blue changing to dark blue while the English sentence tokens come in), and then once the <DONE> token arrives, we take the final encoder state (the dark blue box) and pass it, unchanged and repeatedly, into the decoder RNN along with every single generated German token. The decoder RNN also has its own dynamic internal state, going from light red to dark red. Voila! Variable-length input, variable-length output, from a fixed-size architecture. seq2seq: the clown car of deep learning | Dev Nag - Medium

Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG)

• Facebook
• Retrieval Augmented Generation: Streamlining the creation of intelligent natural language processing models Facebook AI
• Facebook’s Flexible ‘RAG’ Language Model Achieves SOTA Results on Open-Domain QA | Synced

Building a model that researches and contextualizes is more challenging, but it's essential for future advancements. We recently made substantial progress in this realm with our Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) architecture, an end-to-end differentiable model that combines an information retrieval component (Facebook AI’s dense-passage retrieval system ) with a seq2seq generator (our Bidirectional and Auto-Regressive Transformers [BART] model). RAG can be fine-tuned on knowledge-intensive downstream tasks to achieve state-of-the-art results compared with even the largest pretrained seq2seq language models. And unlike these pretrained models, RAG’s internal knowledge can be easily altered or even supplemented on the fly, enabling researchers and engineers to control what RAG knows and doesn’t know without wasting time or compute power retraining the entire model.

Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Knowledge-Intensive NLP Tasks, with Patrick Lewis, Facebook AI Patrick Lewis with Facebook AI Research and University College London presented on "Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Knowledge-Intensive NLP Tasks" in a natural language processing multi-meetup program on July 2, 2020.

Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Knowledge-Intensive NLP Tasks | NLP journal club Nikola Nikolov Link: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2005.11401.pdf Abstract: Large pre-trained language models have been shown to store factual knowledge in their parameters, and achieve state-of-the-art results when fine-tuned on downstream NLP tasks. However, their ability to access and precisely manipulate knowledge is still limited, and hence on knowledge-intensive tasks, their performance lags behind task-specific architectures. Additionally, providing provenance for their decisions and updating their world knowledge remain open research problems. Pre-trained models with a differentiable access mechanism to explicit non-parametric memory can overcome this issue, but have so far been only investigated for extractive downstream tasks. We explore a general-purpose fine-tuning recipe for retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) -- models which combine pre-trained parametric and non-parametric memory for language generation. We introduce RAG models where the parametric memory is a pre-trained seq2seq model and the non-parametric memory is a dense vector index of Wikipedia, accessed with a pre-trained neural retriever. We compare two RAG formulations, one which conditions on the same retrieved passages across the whole generated sequence, the other can use different passages per token. We fine-tune and evaluate our models on a wide range of knowledge-intensive NLP tasks and set the state-of-the-art on three open domain QA tasks, outperforming parametric seq2seq models and task-specific retrieve-and-extract architectures. For language generation tasks, we find that RAG models generate more specific, diverse and factual language than a state-of-the-art parametric-only seq2seq baseline.