Time

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• Time ... PNT ... GPS ... Retrocausality ... Delayed Choice Quantum Eraser ... Quantum
• Government Services:
  • National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) ... Time and Frequency Division, Physical Measurement Laboratory
  • U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) ... Science and Technology (S&T) Positioning, Navigation, and Timing (PNT) Program
  • Defense ... Precise Time Department ... U.S. Naval Observatory has maintained a Time Service Department since 1880
• Perspective ... Context ... In-Context Learning (ICL) ... Transfer Learning ... Out-of-Distribution (OOD) Generalization
• National Timing Centre ... Assured Time and Frequency for the UK
• Time ...Coordinated Universal Time UTC ... Clock ...Timekeeping | Wikipedia
• The Very Long and Fascinating History of Clocks | Christopher McFadden - Interesting Engineering
  • The Surprising Secret of Synchronization | Veritasium
• What Is a Leap Second? | Konstantin Bikos and Anne Buckle - timeanddate.com
• Atomic clocks ...Tide Clock | Amazon
  • An atomic clock measured how general relativity warps time across a millimeter | Emily Conover - ScienceNews
• Clock synchronization
• Time: Do the past, present, and future exist all at once? | BigThink (video) ... astrophysicist Michelle Thaller, science educator Bill Nye, author James Gleick, and neuroscientist Dean Buonomano discuss how the human brain perceives of the passage of time, the idea in theoretical physics of time as a fourth dimension, and the theory that space and time are interwoven.
• Cybersecurity
  • Crown Sterling ... changing the face of digital security with its non-integer-based algorithms that leverage time, AI and irrational numbers.
  • Quantum cryptography ... the infosec industry looks to quantum cryptography and quantum key distribution (QKD)
• What’s a Time Crystal? | Charles Q. Choi - IEEE Spectrum ... And how do Google researchers use quantum computers to make them? ... quantum system of many particles that organize themselves into a periodic pattern of motion—periodic in time rather than in space—that persists in perpetuity.
• This Mirror Reverses How Light Travels in Time There are already applications in wireless, radar, and optical-computing | Charles Q. Choi - IEEE Spectrum ... There are already applications in wireless, radar, and optical-computing ... These applications often reverse the order of signals to help process them.
• | NIST - March 2025
  • NIST and USNO report successful integration of next-generation optical lattice clocks, marking the beginning of the transition away from cesium-based standards.
• AI-Optimized Synchronization for Global Atomic Networks | Nature - June 2025
  • New research demonstrates how machine learning models reduce jitter in distributed atomic clock networks by 40%.
• AI-Driven PNT Resilience in Critical Infrastructure | GPS World - January 2026
  • Detailed analysis of how neural-network-based signal processing identifies and mitigates GPS spoofing in real-time.

Recent Developments

As of 2025 and 2026, the field of metrology is undergoing a paradigm shift. The NIST Time and Frequency Division, in collaboration with the U.S. Naval Observatory (USNO), has accelerated the deployment of optical lattice clocks. These systems utilize lasers to trap atoms in a lattice structure, allowing for measurement precision orders of magnitude higher than traditional cesium fountain clocks. This transition is essential for the next generation of global timing standards, which require sub-nanosecond stability to support advanced quantum communication and deep-space navigation.

Furthermore, AI-optimized synchronization has become a cornerstone of modern timing infrastructure. By applying deep learning to the noise characteristics of atomic clocks, researchers can now predict and compensate for environmental drift in real-time, ensuring that distributed networks remain synchronized even when satellite-based reference signals are temporarily unavailable.

What Time Is It?

• DARPA Making Progress on Miniaturized Atomic Clocks for Future PNT Applications | US Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA)

Atomic Clocks Are Reinventing Time Though humans don't experience it in their daily lives, gravity and movement can change how time elapses. Ultra-precise atomic clocks are now able to measure these tiny changes, known as time dilation. It's a technological advance that could revolutionize our understanding of time.

How Far Back is the James Webb able to See? with Dr. Klaus Pontoppidan How Far Back is the James Webb able to See? Project scientist for the James Webb Space Telescope Dr. Klaus Pontoppidan explains the science revealed in the first full-color images released from the JWST.

A Brief History of Timekeeping SciShow It’s time for another leap second! Join SciShow as we celebrate by exploring the long and strange history of timekeeping. Hosted by: Michael Aranda Dooblydoo thanks go to the following Patreon supporters -- we couldn't make SciShow without them! Shout out to Justin Ove, Justin Lentz, David Campos, John Szymakowski, Peso255, Jeremy Peng, Avi Yaschin, and Fatima Iqbal. Like SciShow? Want to help support us, and also get things to put on your walls, cover your torso and hold your liquids? Check out our awesome products over at DFTBA Records: https://dftba.com/scishow Or help support us by becoming our patron on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/scishow

TimeLine - A Brief Introduction To The History Of Timekeeping Devices SpotImageryLtd An animated documentary about how time was measured in the past, and how we measure it in present day.

This 3D Quantum Gas Clock Could Redefine Time Seeker Time may be a human construct but that hasn't stopped physicists from perfecting it. Read More: JILA’s 3-D Quantum Gas Atomic Clock Offers New Dimensions in Measurement https://www.nist.gov/news-events/news... “JILA physicists have created an entirely new design for an atomic clock, in which strontium atoms are packed into a tiny three-dimensional (3-D) cube at 1,000 times the density of previous one-dimensional (1-D) clocks. In doing so, they are the first to harness the ultra-controlled behavior of a so-called “quantum gas” to make a practical measurement device.” Jun Ye: Let There Be Light (and Thus, Time) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bbBmk... Dr. Jun Ye, professor of physics at the University of Colorado at Boulder and a fellow of both the National Institute of Standards and Technology and JILA, explains how lasers are used to manipulate atoms inside and out for ultra-precise clocks. Ultra-Accurate Clocks Lead Search for New Laws of Physics https://www.quantamagazine.org/ultra-.. Atomic clocks are letting physicists tighten the lasso around elusive phenomena such as dark matter. Sign Up For The Seeker Newsletter Here - https://bit.ly/1UO1PxI Seeker inspires us to see the world through the lens of science and evokes a sense of curiosity, optimism and adventure. Visit the Seeker website https://www.seeker.com/

David Wineland Public Lecture: Keeping Better Time - The Era of Optical Atomic Clocks Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics David Wineland, 2012 Nobel Laureate in Physics, will explore the theoretical and technological know-how needed to build ultra-precise atomic clocks during his Perimeter Institute Public Lecture on Wednesday, Nov. 4, 2015. Find information about future Perimeter institute Public Lectures here: https://ow.ly/UiOr5

A brief History of the Calendar and Time Keeping School of Business and Economics Tuesday 23 February, 20h00 • Aula Minderbroedersberg 4-6 • Dr. Donna Carroll, Lecturer of Physics, Maastricht University How many times a day do you check your calendar or look at your clock? These days our lives are driven by deadlines, schedules and timetables. Time and its many divisions (hours, days, weeks, months, and years) have completely shaped our lives and yet we seldom take the time to consider how these concepts arose. The calendar is inextricably linked to the mechanics of our solar system, and the way in which we describe our periods of time has arisen from ancient speculation in astronomy, mathematics and religion. In this talk, Donna Carroll will provide a brief history of our calendar and an introduction to time measurement. A fascinating field where astronomy, astrology, mathematics, politics, agriculture, superstition and religion all come together. For more information please visit: SG Maastricht: https://www.sg.unimaas.nl/ Talkin'Business: https://www.talkinbusiness.nl/ University Maastricht: https://www.maastrichtuniversity.nl/

WSU: Space, Time, and Einstein with Brian Greene World Science Festival Join Brian Greene, acclaimed physicist and author, on a wild ride into the mind of Albert Einstein, revealing deep aspects of the world that defy everyday experience. Using a visually rich canvas of animations, Greene leads you through all the startling conclusions of special relativity, from time travel to space warps to E = mc2. In the span of 2+ hours, this short master class will change your conception of reality. This is a mostly non-mathematical version of the WSU Master Class “Special Relativity with Brian Greene.” https://youtu.be/XFV2feKDK9E #WorldSciU The Special Theory of Relativity - 00:05 Speed - 00:05:50 The Speed of Light - 00:18:23 Relativity of Simultaneity - 00:27:42 Time in Motion - 00:37:42 How Fast Does Time Slow? - 00:47:49 Time Dilation: Experimental Evidence - 01:05:31 The Reality of Past, Present, and Future - 01:14:37 Time Dilation: Intuitive Explanation - 01:28:38 Motion's Effect on Space - 01:32:34 The Pole in the Barn: Quantitative Details - 01:49:48 The Twin Paradox - 02:10:39 Implications for Mass - 02:19:17 Special Relativity - 02:29:06

Timing in Mission-Critical Systems GPS World You’ll hear from our expert speaker panel about real-life timing challenges in mission-critical applications, such as satellite and military communications, test ranges and radar; time transfer accuracy and stability via GPS or PTP; and what technologies to look for in your next-generation instrument class clock to cost-effectively deliver accurate and stable time and frequency signal types, signal output flexibility and robust security. Speakers: Paul Skoog, Microsemi Corporation; Scott Williams, G.L. Williams Associates; and James L. Wright, Range Generation Next Original Broadcast Date: March 31, 2016

The Importance of Time Synchronization - I&C Short Tips Affinity Energy Learn more at https://affinityenergy.com - Time synchronization is overlooked in terms of specification of applications in terms of hardware, proper controls, and data acquisition. Here's an example of why time synchronization is so important in a double ended substation.

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The Earth's rotation is so accurate it varies only in milliseconds ...do you feel the Earth rotation slowing down?

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Light Clock 1905 - Einstein's Thought Experiment

Imagine you have a special clock that works with light. This clock has two mirrors facing each other, and a beam of light bounces up and down between them. Every time the light goes from the bottom mirror to the top and back down, it counts as one tick of the clock. Einstein's light clock thought experiment shows that when things move fast, time slows down for them. This surprising idea helps us understand the nature of time and motion in our universe. Now, let's think about this clock in two different situations.

Situation 1: Standing Still: First, picture the clock sitting on a table, not moving at all. The light goes straight up to the top mirror and straight back down to the bottom mirror. If you measured the time it takes for the light to do this, you would see it takes a certain amount of time for one tick.

Situation 2: Moving Clock: Now, imagine you place the clock on a skateboard and push it so it's moving. As the clock moves, the light beam has to travel a different path. Instead of going straight up and down, it now has to go in a diagonal path because the mirrors are moving while the light is traveling. It's like when you throw a ball to a friend while running; the ball has to cover more distance because both of you are moving.

What This Means ... Because the light in the moving clock has to travel a longer, diagonal path, it takes more time for one tick to happen compared to when the clock is standing still. This means that for someone watching the moving clock, time appears to run slower for the moving clock compared to a clock that's not moving. This idea is called time dilation. It means that time actually passes at different rates depending on how fast something is moving. If you were riding on the skateboard with the clock, you wouldn't notice anything different about the clock's ticks. But someone standing still and watching you would see that your clock ticks more slowly.

Why It Matters ... This thought experiment helps us understand that time isn't the same everywhere and can be different depending on how fast things are moving. This concept is a key part of Einstein's theory of special relativity, which helps scientists understand how the universe works, especially when things are moving very fast, like spaceships or particles in a collider.

Precision Time Protocol (PTP)

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• Precision Time Protocol PTP-1588 | IEEE ...High precision clock synchronization that computes latency and offset
• How Precision Time Protocol is being deployed at Meta | Oleg Obleukhov & Ahmad Byagowi - CONNECTIVITY, NETWORKING & TRAFFIC, OPEN SOURCE, PRODUCTION ENGINEERING, UNCATEGORIZED, WEB
• PTP IEEE 1588v2 | Juniper Networks ...Time Management Administration Guide

The Precision Time Protocol (PTP) is a protocol used to synchronize clocks throughout a computer network. On a local area network, it achieves clock accuracy in the sub-microsecond range, making it suitable for measurement and control systems.[1] PTP is currently employed to synchronize financial transactions, mobile phone tower transmissions, sub-sea acoustic arrays, and networks that require precise timing but lack access to satellite navigation signals.Wikipedia

Overall, its structure is similar to NTP in that there are different levels within it and GPS satellites can serve as its time source. However, the major difference between Network Time Protocol (NTP) and PTP is that PTP is accurate to microseconds, meaning that it is more exact than NTP

Precision Time Protocol (PTP) IEEE-1588 a basic overview of how the Precision Time Protocol (PTP) is used to synchronize, and set the correct time of day within a network. Potentially Nano Second accuracy can be achieved.

How Computers Synchronize Their Clocks - NTP and PTP Explained It is important for computers to know the correct time. Everything from online shopping to stock market trades rely on accurate time keeping. But how do computers know what time it is? Here is a quick look at how computers synchronize their clocks including a look at NTP and PTP.

Positioning, Navigation and Timing (PNT)

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• Time ... PNT ... GPS ... Retrocausality ... Delayed Choice Quantum Eraser ... Quantum
• Case Studies
  • Smart Cities
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• Deepmind teaches AI to follow navigational directions like humans | Tristan Greene
• History of Navigation | Wikipedia
  • Longitude: The True Story of a Lone Genius Who Solved the Greatest Scientific Problem of His Time | Dava SobelAmazon ...Video: "Lost at Sea: The Search for Longitude" Nova companion Web site
• Department of Homeland Security (DHS) Science and Technology (S&T) Positioning, Navigation, and Timing (PNT) Program
• Navigation Aids | Department of Transportation, Federal Aviation Administration
• VN-300 | Vectornav ...miniature, high-performance Dual Antenna Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS)-Aided Inertial Navigation System (INS) that combines micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) inertial sensors, two high-sensitivity GNSS receivers, and advanced Kalman filtering algorithms to provide optimal estimates of position, velocity, and orientation.

Navigation is a field of study that focuses on the process of monitoring and controlling the movement of a craft or vehicle from one place to another.[1] The field of navigation includes four general categories: land navigation, marine navigation, aeronautic navigation, and space navigation. Navigation | Wikipedia

In critical infrastructure, AI-driven signal processing is fundamentally enhancing PNT resilience. By utilizing deep learning models to analyze the spectral characteristics of incoming signals, systems can now distinguish between authentic satellite transmissions and malicious spoofing attempts. These AI models operate at the edge, processing raw radio frequency data to detect anomalies in signal arrival angles and timing offsets, providing a robust defense against jamming and spoofing in environments where GPS is contested.

Navigation Systems ERAU SpecialVFR

How did Planes Fly Before GPS? How did Planes Fly Before GPS?: The Wright Brothers first took to the skies in 1903 but GPS wasn't publicly available until 1983, so how did planes traverse the world in those 80 years? From celestial navigation to dead reckoning, to the firsts forms of radio telemetry (like adock range stations and LORAN) we'll be discussing them all in this video. Discord: https://discord.gg/DUvyS8n Amazon Affiliate Link*: https://amzn.to/3kNTHhK

PNT Requirements Definition – Some Principles with John Pottle Royal Institute of Navigation. Presenter: John Pottle, Director of the Royal Institute of Navigation

Hosted PNT as a Service (PNTaaS) NAVSYS Corporation. The threat to GPS drives demand for a back-up position, navigation, and timing (PNT) solution that can operate in the event of denial of service to the GPS satellite signals. The military is dependent on PNT for their warfighting operations, and national critical infrastructure is also reliant on GPS for positioning and timing. In this video, we describe our PNT as a Service (PNTaaS) concept that will leverage capabilities already existing on certain commercial broadband internet satellite constellations to allow their signals to be used for PNT.

Global Positioning System (GPS)

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• Time ... PNT ... GPS ... Retrocausality ... Delayed Choice Quantum Eraser ... Quantum
• Astronomy
• GPS has been copied by Russia's GLONASS, Europe’s Galileo, China's BeiDou, India’s IRNSS, and Japan’s QZSS
• Artificial intelligence in GPS navigation systems | Jeffrey L. Duffany
• RoadTagger: GPS system upgrade utilizes AI to make sure you're in the right lane | David Nield - New Atlas ...Artificial intelligence to update digital maps and improve GPS navigation | Amit Malewar - InceptiveMind
• GPS.gov ...Timing
• Inside GNSS ...Global Navigation Satellite Systems
• Navstar | Space.com ...is a network of U.S. satellites that provide GPS services
• SpaceX launches third-generation GPS navigation satellite | CBS News ...GPS-3 satellite — the fourth in a series of more powerful third-generation navigation stations built by Lockheed Martin — was expected to be deployed about a 90 minutes after liftoff. Assuming tests and checkout go well, it will join a globe-spanning constellation of 31 GPS satellites.
• Air Force asks three U.S. contractors to develop miniature ASIC technology for next-gen GPS receivers | John Keller - Military & Aerospace Electronics ...small low-power-consumption GPS enabling technologies to include a next-generation ASIC for secure GPS land navigation.
• [Government Services#China|China Launches Beidou, Its Own Version of GPS | Andrew Jones - IEEE Spectrum] ...China places the final Beidou navigation system satellite into orbit
• Big News For ISRO! Indian Navigation System (IRNSS) Gets Approval By IMP For Global Operations | Smriti Chaudhary - The EurAsuan Times

GPS receivers that use the L5 band can pinpoint to within 30 centimeters or 11.8 inches. The GPS concept is based on time and the known position of GPS specialized satellites. The satellites carry very stable atomic clocks that are synchronized with one another and with the ground clocks. Any drift from time maintained on the ground is corrected daily. In the same manner, the satellite locations are known with great precision. GPS receivers have clocks as well, but they are less stable and less precise. Each GPS satellite continuously transmits a radio signal containing the current time and data about its position. Since the speed of radio waves is constant and independent of the satellite speed, the time delay between when the satellite transmits a signal and the receiver receives it is proportional to the distance from the satellite to the receiver. A GPS receiver monitors multiple satellites and solves equations to determine the precise position of the receiver and its deviation from true time. At a minimum, four satellites must be in view of the receiver for it to compute four unknown quantities (three position coordinates and clock deviation from satellite time). Global Positioning System | Wikipedia

Why The US Military Made GPS Free-To-Use Create a free account on SimScale here: https://goo.gl/qByVRB Find all recordings of the Drone Design Workshop here: https://goo.gl/hSh5nA Listen to our new podcast at: Showmakers YouTube channel at: https://goo.gl/Ks1WMp

Satellite Navigation Systems Overview with John Pottle Royal Institute of Navigation. John Pottle, Director of the Royal Institute of Navigation, will put into context what the hundreds of navigation satellites in space are all for and how they work together. This webinar will explain the similarities and differences between global and regional satellite navigation systems, how they are co-ordinated, and by whom. The space-based augmentation systems will also be covered: what are these and how do they help? *During the webinar Q&A there was a question about whether or not GNSS could be used for moon missions - please see: Website: https://rin.org.uk/

GPS, How does it work? | ICT #12 GPS has already become an integral part of our lives, and you can see a few useful applications from these examples. GPS is really an interesting technology. It uses a system of 24 satellites continuously orbiting the earth, and requires at least four satellites to track your location; it uses an atomic clock, and the time error of your mobile phone is also a matter of great concern. Moreover, Albert Einstein’s theory of relativity plays an important role in GPS technology, finally, a real-life application for the theory of relativity! Let’s put aside all these complications and understand the technology of GPS in a step by step and logical manner. Be a Learn Engineering supporter or contributor: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCqZQ...

MIT's AI System helps to improve GPS navigation in places with limited map data | RoadTagger Rajamanickam Antonimuthu An AI model developed at MIT and Qatar Computing Research Institute uses only satellite imagery to automatically tag road features in digital maps. This innovation could improve GPS navigation, especially in countries with limited map data.

GPS vs AI: The Challenges of Losing Satellite Signal | Roborace How do trees affect satellite and GPS acquisition during a Roborace test run? #Education #Roborace #AutonomousVehicles Trees have a detrimental effect on the GPS and Satellite system for the DevBot 2.0, as it is one of the most important factors for autonomous racing. Roborace is the world’s first competition for human + machine teams, using both self-driving and manually-controlled cars. Race formats will feature new forms of immersive entertainment to engage the next generation of racing fans. Through sport, innovations in machine-driven technologies will be accelerated. Roborace will redefine the way you think about autonomous technology. To be a part of our autonomous journey, subscribe to our channel: https://goo.gl/TNbPAB

Brian Cox Just Announced Mind-Bending Theory Of Time Everything in our universe seems perfect. There are laws governing the entire universe, but certain mysteries have remained unsolved despite decades of research. Why does time travel in one direction? What is the nature of reality? Why does Gravity exist? Why does time slow down when we travel at the speed of light? These are questions that have fascinated us for millennia.

A9G GPS & GPRS Module Tutorial | Ai-Thinker | AT Commands PCBWAY: https://www.pcbway.com/ Wanna help us out? GitHub Consider donating any amount: https://www.paypal.me/akarsh98 CETech@FB: https://www.facebook.com/CETech4u/ Our email: akarshagarwal98@gmail.com Track: Raiko - Revenger [NCS Release] Music provided by NoCopyrightSounds. Watch: https://youtu.be/Vj_V0RfdTSY Free Download / Stream: https://ncs.io/Revenger Facebook

Using AI to get city and weather from GPS A quick demo of how Noodl AI and the Function Co-pilot node can be used to call different API's from a simple text prompts to gather location and weather data from location coordinates.

Deep-Space Positioning System (DPS)

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• Space-based Data Centers
• NASA is Making An AI-Based GPS For Space | Kristin Houser
• Frontier Development Lab (FDL) ...Artificial Intelligence Research for Space Science, Exploration & All Humankind

Space Is Hard | There Is No GPS in Space There is no mapping app for deep space, at least not yet. If we're going to explore there we'll need new navigation tools. Here's how NASA is going to keep its rockets on target. Still haven’t subscribed to WIRED on YouTube? https://wrd.cm/15fP7B7 CONNECT WITH WIRED Web: https://wired.com

Jamming and Spoofing

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• The Resilient Navigation and Timing Foundation
  • Multi‐level resiliency model
  • China Research Paper on Differential eLoran – Sensors Journal
  • A Resilient National Timing Architecture – 16 October 2020
  • GPS Jamming & Spoofing, 2020 Year in Review – Spirent’s Guy Buesnel
  • “The Russia Trap” – Single Points of Failure & GPS | Blog Editor / George Beebe
• Department of Homeland Security (DHS) Science and Technology (S&T) Resilient Positioning, Navigation, and Timing (PNT) Conformance Framework
• The Space Force: A Conversation With United States Secretary Of The Air Force Barbara Barrett | Steve Forbes - Forbes ... We are vulnerable. For example, the U.S. and the global economy are totally dependent on satellites, most especially the GPS, which is operated by the Space Force.

2019-06-19_The History of GPS Spoofing Incose Chesapeake Mr Dana Goward discussed the development of Global Positioning System (GPS) spoofing from a fiction account in film to being an everyday problem. How to fool a GPS - Todd Humphreys TED-Ed Todd Humphreys forecasts the near-future of geolocation when millimeter-accurate GPS "dots" will enable you to find pin-point locations, index-search your physical possessions ... or to track people without their knowledge. And the response to the sinister side of this technology may have unintended consequences of its own. (Filmed at TEDxAustin.) Talk by Todd Humphreys. Orolia Presents: GPS World Webinar – Resilient PNT for a 5G World Panelists will discuss key factors for the successful implementation of 5G technology for 5G infrastructures, automotive, and mission critical applications: - Testing requirements needed to ensure consistent operations - Resilient Positioning, Navigation and Timing (PNT) technologies that can help ensure accurate, continuous operations for critical applications during interference or signal loss. Which is the bigger problem? Risk assessment for PNT with Dana Goward This webinar is part of the Resilient Positioning Navigation and Timing Seminar Series. Find out more about this series at: https://rin.org.uk/events/EventDetail... Presenter: Dana Goward, President & Director, Resilient Navigation and Timing Foundation Assured-Positioning, Navigation and Timing (A-PNT) YouTube search... ...Google search Cybersecurity DOD INSTRUCTION 4650.08 Positioning, Navigation and Timing Warfare DOD is Developing Positioning, Navigation, and Timing Technologies to Complement GPS | GAO DOD is pursuing approaches, such as creating common standards and interfaces, to aid in integrating and fielding new PNT technologies faster and at lower cost. DOD is developing its PNT modeling and simulation capabilities to evaluate the performance of new PNT technologies. Tactical Radio (TR) A-PNT Overview | COL Daniel F. Kuntz, USA - TRADOC Capabilities Manager Tactical Radios (TCM TR) - U.S. Army Cyber Center of Excellence & Fort Gordon National Positioning, Navigation, and Timing Architecture | Lt Col Patrick Huested, USAF National Security Space Office and Paul D. Popejoy The Aerospace Corporation A Resilient National Timing Architecture: Securing Today's, Enabling Tomorrow's | Dr. Marc Weiss, Dr. Patrick Diamond, and Mr. Dana A. Goward A-PNT: Assured Position, Navigation and Timing | Curtiss-Wright China tipped to 'wipe out' GPS with 'dire consequences' after conflict catalyst exposed | Callum Hoare - The Daily Express ...China could bring the world to its knees by "wiping out" GPS, a key system used by the US military and its NATO allies, an expert on space policy has told Express.co.uk GPS Unreliability | Dennis L. Bryant - MarineLink Like the GPS units in many automobiles today, a simple receiver and some processing power is all that is needed for accurate navigation. But, what if the GPS satellites suddenly became unavailable due to malfunction, enemy action or simple interference, such as driving into a tunnel? Unavailability of GPS would be inconvenient for drivers on the road, but could be disastrous for military missions. Extreme Miniaturization: Seven Devices, One Chip to Navigate without GPS | US Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) National Positioning, Navigation, and Timing (PNT) Architecture | U.S. Department of Transportation System Performance and Resilience or: What could possibly go wrong? with Prof Marek Ziebart Royal Institute of Navigation. Presenter: Prof Marek Ziebart, Director, Space Geodesy and Navigation Group, University College London Website: https://rin.org.uk/ GPS/GNSS Spoofing and How To Detect It GPSPATRON GNSS Interference Issues What is GNSS Spoofing? Spoofing Detection Solution In this video, we describe GNSS spoofing/jamming and how to detect it. GPSPATRON is facilitated to protect GNSS-dependent infrastructure against spoofing/jamming or other GNSS signals anomalies that cause time/position accuracy degradation More about GNSS spoofing detection: https://gpspatron.com/detecting-gnss-... Links: https://rntfnd.org/2018/04/24/5-gps-s... https://www.c4reports.org/aboveusonly... https://www.gpsworld.com/ https://insidegnss.com/ https://www.gps.gov/ When GNSS fails, what will you do? - MarRINav! Royal Institute of Navigation. This webinar, called 'When GNSS fails, what will you do? - MarRINav! ' features presentations and comments form Jonathan Turner (NLA Int.), Dr Alan Grant (GLA), and Dana Goward (RNTF). The webinar provides analysis and insights from Phase 1 of the Maritime Resilience and Integrity of Navigation (MarRINav) project. To download the full transcript of Jonathan's presentation please follow this link: https://rin.org.uk/resource/resmgr/fi... Many thanks to all co-sponsors of this webinar: Resilient Navigation and Timing Foundation, Institute of Navigation, GPS World, The Maritime Executive, and of course the MarRINav project. Website: https://rin.org.uk/ The Coming Revolution in MEMS Gyroscopes and MEMS Inertial Sensors Wireless Integrated MicroSensing & Systems - WIMS2 Relevant for automotive robotic drone wearable applications. Enabling the Next Generation of GPS Technology with Supercorrelation with Dr Ramsey Faragher Royal Institute of Navigation. Focal Point Positioning have developed a new method for processing GNSS radio signals called Supercorrelation which dramatically improves the performance of the earliest stage of radio processing. The software update removes multipath interference at the correlator level, and provides the ability to determine signal arrival angle without adding any new hardware to a standard GNSS device. In this webinar Dr Ramsey Faragher, Founder/CEO of FocalPoint will explain how the technology works, will cover some of the challenges that FocalPoint have overcome in deploying it on very low cost platforms, and will show off the new capabilities that it unlocks. Website: https://rin.org.uk/ AgilLOC Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Anti-Jamming and Spoofing Capability AgilLOC Antenna Element Compact (AEC) & Resilient Time Source (RTS) provide assured access to Position, Navigation and Timing (PNT) information for mission-critical systems. AEC provides GNSS anti-jam capability under denied environment through adaptive nulling of interference sources. RTS provides add-on GNSS anti-spoof capability and timing resiliency to ensure the integrity of the GNSS. GRCon20 - Software defined radio based Global Navigation Satellite System real time spoofing.... Software defined radio based Global Navigation Satellite System real time spoofing detection and cancellation Presented by Jean-Michel Friedt,, D. Rabus and G. Goavec-Merou at GNU Radio Conference 2020 https://gnuradio.org/grcon20 Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) -- most significantly the Global Positioning System (GPS) -- have become ubiquitous to most daily activities, from positioning and navigation to long range time synchronization or distributed energy production ("smart grid"). While initially developed as a military system hardly accessible to civilians, the advent of Software Defined Radio jamming and spoofing capabilities emphasize the low security of GNSS weak signals emitted from satellites orbiting the Earth 20000 km away. While a properly spoofing signal cannot be detected after a consumer-grade receiver has decoded the radiofrequency signal, addressing at the radiofrequency wave level the signal integrity provides the solution of identifying spoofing with all satellites appearing at the same direction of arrival. This classical beamforming analysis -- Controlled Reception Pattern Antenna (CRPA) with multiple antenna reception and phase analysis -- is demonstrated using commercial, off the shelf software defined radio platform receivers (Ettus Research B210) running the real-time GNSS decoder gnss-sdr based on GNU Radio running on embedded boards such as the Raspberry Pi4. PULP-DroNet -- Autonomous Artificial Intelligence-powered Nano-Drone PULP-DroNet is a Deep Learning-powered visual navigation engine that enables autonomous navigation of a pocket-size quadrotor in a previously unseen environment. Thanks to PULP-DroNet the nano-drone can explore the environment, avoiding collisions also with dynamic obstacles, in complete autonomy -- no human operator, no ad-hoc external signals, and no remote laptop! This means that all the complex computations are done directly aboard the vehicle and very fast. The visual navigation engine is composed of both a software and a hardware part. The former is based on the previous DroNet [1] project developed by the RPG [2] from the University of Zürich (UZH). DroNet is a shallow convolutional neural network (CNN) which has been used to control a standard-size quadrotor in a set of environments via remote computation. The hardware soul of PULP-DroNet is embodied by the PULP-Shield an ultra-low power visual navigation module featuring a Parallel Ultra-Low-Power (PULP) GAP8 System-on-Chip (SoC) from GreenWaves Technologies [3], an ultra-low power camera, and off-chip Flash/DRAM memory; the shield is designed as a pluggable PCB for the Crazyflie 2.0 [4] nano-drone. Then, we developed a general methodology for deploying state-of-the-art Deep Learning algorithms on top of ultra-low power embedded computation nodes, like a miniaturized drone. Our novel methodology allowed us first to deploy DroNet on the PULP-Shield, and then demonstrating how it enables the execution the CNN on board the CrazyFlie 2.0 within only 64-284mW and with a throughput of 6-18 frame-per-second! Finally, we field-prove our methodology presenting a closed-loop fully working demonstration of vision-driven autonomous navigation relying only on onboard resources, and within an ultra-low power budget. We release here, as open source, all our code, hardware designs, datasets, and trained networks. Reference: D. Palossi, F. Conti, and L. Benini An Open Source and Open Hardware Deep Learning-powered Visual Navigation Engine for Autonomous Nano-UAVs Preprint: https://arxiv.org/abs/1905.04166 PULP-Platform Project Webpage: https://www.pulp-platform.org/ GPS Spoofing and Jamming: Learn how to protect against threats to GNSS systems Steatite Securing Positioning & Timing 7: Improving Performance by Augmenting GPS/GNSS Royal Institute of Navigation. The seventh, and final, of a series of webinars from the Securing Positioning & Timing short course. This webinar covers Improving Performance by Augmenting GPS/GNSS. Presented by Prof Terry Moore. Supported by the UK Space Agency. Website: https://rin.org.uk/ Assess performance & reduce risks across a multisensor, multi-system integration with Peter Rylands Royal Institute of Navigation. Presenter: Peter Rylands, Product Manager, Oxford Technical Solutions Ltd Resilient PNT for Unmanned Systems Orolia. Demand for unmanned systems is growing exponentially across defense and civil/commercial organizations, for applications ranging from military missions and intelligence surveillance to border security and precision agriculture. Resilient Positioning, Navigation and Timing (PNT) data and GPS/GNSS signals are critical for unmanned systems in order to successfully pilot and control aircraft, vehicle and vessel onboard systems. Something is jamming GPS over Europe... Geolocation: Locating GPS/GNSS Jamming and Spoofing YouTube search... ...Google search Securing Positioning & Timing 3: Detecting and Characterising GPS/GNSS Jamming & Spoofing Royal Institute of Navigation. The third of a series of webinars from the Securing Positioning & Timing short course. This webinar covers Detecting and Characterising GPS/GNSS Jamming & Spoofing. Presented by Dr Mark Dumville. Supported by the UK Space Agency. Website: https://rin.org.uk/ Securing Positioning & Timing 4: Locating GPS/GNSS Jamming and Spoofing Royal Institute of Navigation. The fourth of a series of webinars from the Securing Positioning & Timing short course. This webinar covers Locating GPS/GNSS Jamming and Spoofing. Presented by Mike Jones. Supported by the UK Space Agency. Website: https://rin.org.uk/ GNSS Jamming - Crowd Sourcing Detection and Geolocation GNSS Jamming - Crowd Sourcing Detection and Geolocation webinar by InsideGNSS Harris Corporation - Detect and Locate GPS Jamming with Signal Sentry™ 1000 Harris Corporation The Global Positioning System—GPS—is an essential element of the global information infrastructure. GPS jamming devices are becoming cheaper and more accessible, creating a greater need to protect from a diverse range of threats. Harris Signal Sentry 1000 is a GPS interference detection and geolocation solution. It provides a web-based visualization tool to support timely and effective actionable intelligence. Why isn’t my GPS receiver consistently more accurate? with John Pottle Royal Institute of Navigation. Presenter: John Pottle, Director of the RIN Website: https://rin.org.uk/ Current threats to GNSS: An update of incidents and impacts with Guy Buesnel Royal Institute of Navigation. Presenter: Guy Buesnel, PNT Security Technologist Spirent Communications plc. Website: https://rin.org.uk/ Software-defined Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) YouTube search... ...Google search Cognitive Radio (CR) / Software-defined radio (SDR) Dr. Carles Fernandez: An Open Source Global Navigation Satellite Systems Software-Defined Receiver Software Defined Radio Academy GNSS-SDR (see https://gnss-sdr.org) is an open source, software-defined Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) receiver. This software application takes care of all the digital signal processing chain (from the output of the Analog-to-Digital Converter of a radio-frequency front-end, or from raw sam- ples stored in a file), performing signal acquisition and tracking of the available satellite signals, decoding the navigation message and computing the observables needed by positioning algorithms, which ultimately compute the navigation solution. Several outputs are provided in standard formats, including RINEX observation and navigation files, RTCM-104 v3.2 message streaming via TCP/IP and NMEA-0183, as well as KML, GeoJSON, and GPX files for Geographic Information Systems, map representation and Earth browsers. Currently, the software is able to process GLONASS L1 C/A, GPS L1 C/A, Galileo E1b/c, BeiDou B1I, BeiDou B3I, GLONASS L2 C/A, GPS L2C, GPS L5 and Galileo E5a signals, in all possible combinations, including multi-constellation and multi-frequency configurations. The software leverages on the GNU Radio framework, inheriting multithreading scheduling and a modular, scalable architecture. The software is designed to facilitate the inclusion of new signal processing techniques, offering an easy way to measure their impact in the overall receiver performance under fair conditions, as well as the expansion to other signals. GRCon20 - Software defined radio based Global Navigation Satellite System real time spoofing.... Software defined radio based Global Navigation Satellite System real time spoofing detection and cancellation Presented by Jean-Michel Friedt,, D. Rabus and G. Goavec-Merou at GNU Radio Conference 2020 https://gnuradio.org/grcon20 Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) -- most significantly the Global Positioning System (GPS) -- have become ubiquitous to most daily activities, from positioning and navigation to long range time synchronization or distributed energy production ("smart grid"). While initially developed as a military system hardly accessible to civilians, the advent of Software Defined Radio jamming and spoofing capabilities emphasize the low security of GNSS weak signals emitted from satellites orbiting the Earth 20000 km away. While a properly spoofing signal cannot be detected after a consumer-grade receiver has decoded the radiofrequency signal, addressing at the radiofrequency wave level the signal integrity provides the solution of identifying spoofing with all satellites appearing at the same direction of arrival. This classical beamforming analysis -- Controlled Reception Pattern Antenna (CRPA) with multiple antenna reception and phase analysis -- is demonstrated using commercial, off the shelf software defined radio platform receivers (Ettus Research B210) running the real-time GNSS decoder gnss-sdr based on GNU Radio running on embedded boards such as the Raspberry Pi4. Long Range Navigation (LORAN) YouTube search... ...Google search [https://www.intelligent-aerospace.com/home/article/14181475/eloran-loran-c-gps-gnss Public-