DeepSeek

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• DeepSeek Official Portal / Documentation
• DeepSeek-R1: Incentivizing Reasoning Capability in LLMs via Reinforcement Learning | arXiv - January 2025
  • Milestone paper detailing the transition from R1-Zero to R1 using multi-stage RL.
• DeepSeek Expands Open-Weights Ecosystem with New Distilled Models | TechCrunch - February 2026
• How DeepSeek Achieved Training Costs Under $6 Million | Reuters - March 2026
• DeepSeek R1: The Reasoning Model That Changed the Landscape | The Verge - May 2025
• Deepseek homepage
• Here's why I run DeepSeek locally and how you can do it | Dhruv Bhutani - Android Authority

DeepSeek is an advanced artificial intelligence (AI) model designed to push the boundaries of natural language processing (NLP) and machine learning. It represents a significant leap forward in the development of AI systems capable of understanding, generating, and interacting with human language in a nuanced and context-aware manner.

Corporate Origin & Funding

• High-Flyer Capital Management: DeepSeek was founded in May 2023 by Liang Wenfeng, a Chinese entrepreneur who previously co-founded the quantitative hedge fund High-Flyer in 2015.
• Compute Foundation: High-Flyer leveraged its extensive resources to stockpile roughly 10,000 NVIDIA A100 GPUs before U.S. export restrictions took effect. This provided DeepSeek with the massive, unencumbered computing cluster needed for foundational AI research.

Core Architectural Innovations

• Multi-head Latent Attention (MLA): First introduced in DeepSeek-V2, MLA compresses the Key-Value (KV) cache into low-dimensional latent vectors. This drastically reduces the GPU memory bandwidth required during inference, making the models exceptionally fast and cheap to run.
• DeepSeekMoE (Mixture-of-Experts): Unlike traditional MoE models that use a few large experts, DeepSeek uses highly granular expert segmentation (up to 256 routed experts per layer in V3) alongside always-on "shared experts". This forces deeper specialization while maintaining broad knowledge representation.
• Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO): A highly efficient reinforcement learning framework used in DeepSeek-R1. It eliminates the need for a separate memory-heavy "critic" model in RL by calculating relative rewards across a group of candidate outputs, cutting memory overhead significantly.
• FP8 Mixed Precision & DualPipe: DeepSeek pioneered training massive open-weight models natively in FP8 format. Coupled with custom communication kernels (DualPipe) that overlap GPU computation and data transfer, they trained the 671-billion parameter DeepSeek-V3 model on 2,000 NVIDIA H800 chips for under $6 million.

Flagship Models

• DeepSeek-V3: A 671-billion parameter general-purpose model that activates only 37 billion parameters per token. It excels at knowledge retrieval, coding, and multi-domain NLP applications while remaining highly cost-effective to serve.
• DeepSeek-R1 & R1-Zero: R1-Zero proved that a model can develop powerful emergent logical reasoning entirely through pure reinforcement learning (RL) without any initial supervised fine-tuning. DeepSeek-R1 built on this by combining cold-start data with multi-stage RL, achieving benchmark scores that rival top-tier proprietary reasoning models in math and coding.
• Distilled Open Weights: Following an open-source ethos, DeepSeek distilled R1's reasoning capabilities into smaller, MIT-licensed models based on the Qwen and Llama architectures, allowing advanced reasoning to run locally on consumer hardware.

Benchmarks & Evaluations

Benchmark / Metric	Model / Architecture	Baseline	Verified Score	Evaluation Notes
MMLU / Reasoning	DeepSeek-R1	88.2%	90.8%	Few-shot COT
Code Generation (HumanEval)	DeepSeek-V3	74.0%	85.4%	Verified automated pass@1
Math (MATH Benchmark)	DeepSeek-R1	78.5%	97.3%	Chain-of-Thought

Ecosystem, Products & Tool Integration

DeepSeek provides a robust ecosystem for developers, including API access for enterprise integration and open-weight releases for local deployment. The models are widely supported in tools like Ollama, vLLM, and SGLang, enabling high-throughput inference on consumer and enterprise hardware.

Featured Videos

DeepSeek-R1 Architecture Breakdown An in-depth technical analysis of the GRPO training methodology and reasoning token generation.

Running DeepSeek Locally A guide to deploying distilled DeepSeek models on consumer hardware using Ollama.