Difference between revisions of "Automated Scoring"

From
Jump to: navigation, search
m
m (Automated Compliance Scoring)
 
(18 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
[http://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=automated+scoring+natural+language  Youtube search...]
+
{{#seo:
[http://www.google.com/search?q=automated+scoring+natural+language  ...Google search]
+
|title=PRIMO.ai
 +
|titlemode=append
 +
|keywords=ChatGPT, artificial, intelligence, machine, learning, GPT-4, GPT-5, NLP, NLG, NLC, NLU, models, data, singularity, moonshot, Sentience, AGI, Emergence, Moonshot, Explainable, TensorFlow, Google, Nvidia, Microsoft, Azure, Amazon, AWS, Hugging Face, OpenAI, Tensorflow, OpenAI, Google, Nvidia, Microsoft, Azure, Amazon, AWS, Meta, LLM, metaverse, assistants, agents, digital twin, IoT, Transhumanism, Immersive Reality, Generative AI, Conversational AI, Perplexity, Bing, You, Gemini, Ernie, prompt Engineering LangChain, Video/Image, Vision, End-to-End Speech, Synthesize Speech, Speech Recognition, Stanford, MIT |description=Helpful resources for your journey with artificial intelligence; videos, articles, techniques, courses, profiles, and tools 
 +
 
 +
<!-- Google tag (gtag.js) -->
 +
<script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-4GCWLBVJ7T"></script>
 +
<script>
 +
  window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || [];
 +
  function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);}
 +
  gtag('js', new Date());
 +
 
 +
  gtag('config', 'G-4GCWLBVJ7T');
 +
</script>
 +
}}[https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=automated+scoring+natural+language  Youtube search...][https://www.google.com/search?q=automated+scoring+natural+language  ...Google search]
  
 
* [[Case Studies]]
 
* [[Case Studies]]
** [[Human Resources (HR)]]
+
** [[Human Resources (HR)]] ... Write a Resume optimized for Applicant Tracking Systems (ATS)
 
** [[Education]]
 
** [[Education]]
* [[Evaluation]]
+
* [[Strategy & Tactics]] ... [[Project Management]] ... [[Best Practices]] ... [[Checklists]] ... [[Project Check-in]] ... [[Evaluation]] ... [[Evaluation - Measures|Measures]]
* [[Natural Language Processing (NLP)]]
+
* [[Large Language Model (LLM)]] ... [[Natural Language Processing (NLP)]] ...[[Natural Language Generation (NLG)|Generation]] ... [[Natural Language Classification (NLC)|Classification]] ...  [[Natural Language Processing (NLP)#Natural Language Understanding (NLU)|Understanding]] ... [[Language Translation|Translation]] ... [[Natural Language Tools & Services|Tools & Services]]
** [[Natural Language Tools & Services]]
+
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automated_essay_scoring Automated essay scoring | Wikipedia]
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automated_essay_scoring Automated essay scoring | Wikipedia]
+
* [https://www.rapidparser.com/ CV Parsing with RapidParser]
* [http://www.rapidparser.com/ CV Parsing with RapidParser]
+
* [https://www.ets.org/Media/Research/pdf/RR-04-45.pdf Automated Essay Scoring With E-rater® v.2.0 2005]
* [http://www.ets.org/Media/Research/pdf/RR-04-45.pdf Automated Essay Scoring With E-rater® v.2.0 2005]
+
 
 +
 
 +
 
 +
= What is Automated Scoring =
 +
 
 +
Automated scoring with AI is a process of using artificial intelligence (AI) to score submissions, such as essays, exams, and code. Overall, AI is a powerful tool that can be used to automate the scoring of submissions in a variety of settings. AI-powered scoring can help to save time, improve efficiency, and reduce bias. AI can be used to score submissions in a variety of ways, including:
 +
 
 +
* <b>Identifying keywords and phrases</b>: AI can be used to identify keywords and phrases that are relevant to the topic of the submission. This can be helpful for scoring essays and exams, where the goal is to assess the student's understanding of the material.
 +
* <b>Identifying patterns</b>: AI can be used to identify patterns in the submission. This can be helpful for scoring code, where the goal is to assess the student's ability to write correct and efficient code.
 +
* <b>Comparing submissions to a reference set</b>: AI can be used to compare submissions to a reference set of high-quality submissions. This can be helpful for scoring essays and exams, where the goal is to assess the student's writing skills and knowledge of the material.
 +
 
 +
AI can be used to score highly technical submissions by being trained on a large dataset of high-quality submissions. This dataset should include submissions from a variety of students and should cover a wide range of topics. Once the AI model is trained, it can be used to score new submissions by comparing them to the reference set of high-quality submissions. AI can also be used to identify noncompliance in submissions. For example, AI can be used to identify plagiarism, code that does not compile, and essays that do not meet the required word count. AI can also be used to identify submissions that contain harmful or offensive content.
 +
 
 +
Here are some examples of how AI is being used in automated scoring today:
 +
 
 +
* <b>Educational institutions</b>: Many educational institutions are using AI to score student essays and exams. This can help to free up teachers' time so that they can focus on other tasks, such as lesson planning and grading student work.
 +
* <b>Companies</b>: Some companies are using AI to score job applications and resumes. This can help to identify qualified candidates more quickly and efficiently.
 +
* <b>Government agencies</b>: Some government agencies are using AI to score applications for grants and other programs. This can help to ensure that the most deserving applicants are awarded funding.
 +
 
 +
 
  
{|<!-- T -->
 
| valign="top" |
 
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 550px;"
 
||
 
<youtube>VRxR5w70tbA</youtube>
 
<b>Automated Essay Scoring (AES) System
 
</b><br>Xing Zhao Lee
 
|}
 
|<!-- M -->
 
| valign="top" |
 
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 550px;"
 
||
 
<youtube>737GnXvv8J4</youtube>
 
<b>COGS118B #10 Automated Essay Scoring System
 
</b><br>Final Project: Li Anran, Liu Zheshan, Sun Jiayue, and Zhong Yuan
 
|}
 
|}<!-- B -->
 
{|<!-- T -->
 
| valign="top" |
 
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 550px;"
 
||
 
<youtube>em3eGc8_5OY</youtube>
 
<b>Automated Essay Grading with ReaderBench Natural Language Processing Framework
 
</b><br>ReaderBench
 
|}
 
|<!-- M -->
 
| valign="top" |
 
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 550px;"
 
||
 
<youtube>SvLygnafOug</youtube>
 
<b>Automated Scoring
 
</b><br>[Part 12 of 16] Automated scoring provides faster turnaround of scores that are more accurate, objective and reliable.
 
|}
 
|}<!-- B -->
 
 
{|<!-- T -->
 
{|<!-- T -->
 
| valign="top" |
 
| valign="top" |
Line 65: Line 63:
  
  
 +
= Automated Essay Scoring (AES) =
 +
 +
AES is the use of computer programs to grade essays written in an educational setting. It is a form of educational assessment and an application of natural language processing. AES systems are trained on a set of essays that have been carefully human-scored. The system then uses this training data to learn how to identify and score different features of essays, such as grammar, spelling, organization, and argument strength.
 +
 +
How does AES work?
 +
 +
AES systems typically work by first extracting a set of features from the essay. These features can include things like the number of words, the number of sentences, the average sentence length, the number of different words used, and the presence of certain grammatical errors. The system then uses a machine learning algorithm to learn how to combine these features to predict the essay's overall score.
 +
 +
What are the benefits of AES?
 +
 +
AES has a number of potential benefits, including:
 +
 +
* Speed: AES systems can grade essays much faster than human graders. This can be especially beneficial for large-scale assessments, such as standardized tests.
 +
* Consistency: AES systems are more consistent than human graders. This is because they are not influenced by subjective factors, such as fatigue or bias.
 +
* Accuracy: AES systems can be very accurate, especially if they are trained on a large dataset of high-quality training data.
 +
 +
 +
What are the drawbacks of AES? AES also has some potential drawbacks, including:
 +
 +
* Cost: Developing and deploying AES systems can be expensive.
 +
* Fairness: AES systems can be biased against certain groups of students, such as those who speak English as a second language.
 +
* Accuracy: AES systems can sometimes make mistakes, especially if they are not trained on a high-quality dataset or if the essays being graded are very complex.
 +
 +
Overall, AES is a promising technology with the potential to revolutionize the way that essays are graded. However, it is important to be aware of the potential drawbacks of AES before using it in a high-stakes setting.
 +
 +
<youtube>VRxR5w70tbA</youtube>
 +
<youtube>737GnXvv8J4</youtube>
 +
<youtube>em3eGc8_5OY</youtube>
 +
 +
= Automated Compliance Scoring =
 +
 +
PROMPT TO GEMINI: Projects have to provide documentation on how they are using and mapping to the enterprise's architecture, the architecture has predefined criteria, architectural artifacts, how could ai be used to score the project's submission?
  
 +
GEMINI'S RESPONSE:
 +
AI can be a valuable tool for scoring project submissions related to enterprise architecture alignment. Here's how:
  
{|<!-- T -->
+
<b>Analyzing Documentation:</b>
| valign="top" |
+
* Keyword Matching: Train an AI model to identify keywords or phrases related to specific architectural artifacts, criteria, and mapping methods within the project documentation. This can flag submissions that lack crucial details or use incorrect terminology.
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 550px;"
+
* Sentiment Analysis: AI can analyze the overall tone and clarity of the documentation. This can help identify submissions that are vague, poorly written, or lack confidence in their approach.
||
 
<youtube>umEeV1MXVh8</youtube>
 
<b>What is AUTOMATED ESSAY SCORING? What does AUTOMATED ESSAY SCORING mean?
 
</b><br>Automated essay scoring (AES) is the use of specialized computer programs to assign grades to essays written in an educational setting. It is a method of educational assessment and an application of natural language processing. Its objective is to classify a large set of textual entities into a small number of discrete categories, corresponding to the possible grades—for example, the numbers 1 to 6. Therefore, it can be considered a problem of statistical classification.
 
  
Several factors have contributed to a growing interest in AES. Among them are cost, accountability, standards, and technology. Rising education costs have led to pressure to hold the educational system accountable for results by imposing standards. The advance of information technology promises to measure educational achievement at reduced cost.
+
<b>Code Analysis (if applicable):</b>
 +
* Pattern Recognition: If project submissions include code or configuration files, AI can be used to identify patterns that indicate adherence to architectural principles. This could involve looking for specific coding styles, library usage, or adherence to established design patterns.
  
The use of AES for high-stakes testing in education has generated significant backlash, with opponents pointing to research that computers cannot yet grade writing accurately and arguing that their use for such purposes promotes teaching writing in reductive ways (i.e. teaching to the test).
+
<b>Scoring and Feedback:</b>
 +
* Weighted Scoring: Assign different weights to various criteria based on their importance. The AI can then score submissions based on the presence and quality of these elements in the documentation or code.
 +
* Feedback Generation: AI can be used to generate automated feedback reports highlighting areas where the submission meets or misses the mark. This can point the project team towards specific sections of the documentation that need improvement.
  
From the beginning, the basic procedure for AES has been to start with a training set of essays that have been carefully hand-scored. The program evaluates surface features of the text of each essay, such as the total number of words, the number of subordinate clauses, or the ratio of uppercase to lowercase letters - quantities that can be measured without any human insight. It then constructs a mathematical model that relates these quantities to the scores that the essays received. The same model is then applied to calculate scores of new essays.
+
<b>Important Considerations:</b>
 +
* Training Data: The effectiveness of AI for scoring relies heavily on the quality of the training data. This data should include well-documented, high-scoring projects that exemplify good architectural alignment.
 +
* Human Oversight: AI should not replace human judgment entirely. A human reviewer should examine flagged submissions and the AI's feedback to ensure accuracy and catch nuances AI might miss.
 +
* Bias Mitigation: Be mindful of potential biases in the training data that could skew the AI's scoring. Regularly review and adjust the training data to ensure fairness and alignment with evolving architectural principles.
  
Recently, one such mathematical model was created by Isaac Persing and Vincent Ng. which not only evaluates essays on the above features, but also on their argument strength. It evaluates various features of the essay, such as the agreement level of the author and reasons for the same, adherence to the prompt's topic, locations of argument components (major claim, claim, premise), errors in the arguments, cohesion in the arguments among various other features. In contrast to the other models mentioned above, this model is closer in duplicating human insight while grading essays.
 
  
The various AES programs differ in what specific surface features they measure, how many essays are required in the training set, and most significantly in the mathematical modeling technique. Early attempts used linear regression. Modern systems may use linear regression or other machine learning techniques often in combination with other statistical techniques such as latent semantic analysis and Bayesian inference.
+
Overall, AI can be a powerful tool to streamline the initial evaluation of project submissions, but human expertise remains crucial for in-depth analysis and final decisions.
  
Any method of assessment must be judged on validity, fairness, and reliability. An instrument is valid if it actually measures the trait that it purports to measure. It is fair if it does not, in effect, penalize or privilege any one class of people. It is reliable if its outcome is repeatable, even when irrelevant external factors are altered.
+
= How to Write A Proposal =
  
Before computers entered the picture, high-stakes essays were typically given scores by two trained human raters. If the scores differed by more than one point, a third, more experienced rater would settle the disagreement. In this system, there is an easy way to measure reliability: by inter-rater agreement. If raters do not consistently agree within one point, their training may be at fault. If a rater consistently disagrees with whichever other raters look at the same essays, that rater probably needs more training.
+
<youtube>1QPr5jYQT8k</youtube>
 +
<youtube>eUjhZ351hyY</youtube>
  
Various statistics have been proposed to measure inter-rater agreement. Among them are percent agreement, Scott's ?, Cohen's ?, Krippendorf's ?, Pearson's correlation coefficient r, Spearman's rank correlation coefficient ?, and Lin's concordance correlation coefficient.
+
== Grant ==
  
Percent agreement is a simple statistic applicable to grading scales with scores from 1 to n, where usually 4 ? n ? 6. It is reported as three figures, each a percent of the total number of essays scored: exact agreement (the two raters gave the essay the same score), adjacent agreement (the raters differed by at most one point; this includes exact agreement), and extreme disagreement (the raters differed by more than two points). Expert human graders were found to achieve exact agreement on 53% to 81% of all essays, and adjacent agreement on 97% to 100%.....
+
<youtube>t88Q7SNoplk</youtube>
|}
+
<youtube>irwyh3bNuDU</youtube>
|<!-- M -->
 
| valign="top" |
 
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 550px;"
 
||
 
<youtube>gxsI-tgM-ZE</youtube>
 
<b>How to Get Your Resume Past resume Screening Software (2019)
 
</b><br>Over 93% of employers use software to screen resumes. 76% end up being deleted. Here is how to get your resume past the bots.
 
|}
 
|}<!-- B -->
 

Latest revision as of 14:25, 16 March 2024

Youtube search......Google search


What is Automated Scoring

Automated scoring with AI is a process of using artificial intelligence (AI) to score submissions, such as essays, exams, and code. Overall, AI is a powerful tool that can be used to automate the scoring of submissions in a variety of settings. AI-powered scoring can help to save time, improve efficiency, and reduce bias. AI can be used to score submissions in a variety of ways, including:

  • Identifying keywords and phrases: AI can be used to identify keywords and phrases that are relevant to the topic of the submission. This can be helpful for scoring essays and exams, where the goal is to assess the student's understanding of the material.
  • Identifying patterns: AI can be used to identify patterns in the submission. This can be helpful for scoring code, where the goal is to assess the student's ability to write correct and efficient code.
  • Comparing submissions to a reference set: AI can be used to compare submissions to a reference set of high-quality submissions. This can be helpful for scoring essays and exams, where the goal is to assess the student's writing skills and knowledge of the material.

AI can be used to score highly technical submissions by being trained on a large dataset of high-quality submissions. This dataset should include submissions from a variety of students and should cover a wide range of topics. Once the AI model is trained, it can be used to score new submissions by comparing them to the reference set of high-quality submissions. AI can also be used to identify noncompliance in submissions. For example, AI can be used to identify plagiarism, code that does not compile, and essays that do not meet the required word count. AI can also be used to identify submissions that contain harmful or offensive content.

Here are some examples of how AI is being used in automated scoring today:

  • Educational institutions: Many educational institutions are using AI to score student essays and exams. This can help to free up teachers' time so that they can focus on other tasks, such as lesson planning and grading student work.
  • Companies: Some companies are using AI to score job applications and resumes. This can help to identify qualified candidates more quickly and efficiently.
  • Government agencies: Some government agencies are using AI to score applications for grants and other programs. This can help to ensure that the most deserving applicants are awarded funding.


Automating Machine Learning Pipelines for Real Time Scoring (David Crespi)
Xing David Crespi is a Data Scientist at Red Ventures, where he focuses on optimizing a customer’s journey and experience in the digital marketing space. First, we’ll talk through how we leverage Spark Structured Streaming to generate consistent and up-to-date data that is available at training and scoring time. Next, we’ll discuss how we built repeatable, scalable, data agnostic machine learning pipelines that consider a host of algorithms, objective functions, feature selection and extraction methods to scale the impact of our data scientists. Finally, we’ll show you how to utilize MLeap to serialize these fitted Spark ML pipelines so they can be evaluated real-time, in tens of milliseconds.

Automated Scoring FAQs: how the technology works
Dr. Alistair Van Moere, Director of Test Development, Pearson, Knowledge Technologies, explains how the state-of-the-art Versant patented Speech Recognition technology is applied to the English language proficiency assessment


Automated Essay Scoring (AES)

AES is the use of computer programs to grade essays written in an educational setting. It is a form of educational assessment and an application of natural language processing. AES systems are trained on a set of essays that have been carefully human-scored. The system then uses this training data to learn how to identify and score different features of essays, such as grammar, spelling, organization, and argument strength.

How does AES work?

AES systems typically work by first extracting a set of features from the essay. These features can include things like the number of words, the number of sentences, the average sentence length, the number of different words used, and the presence of certain grammatical errors. The system then uses a machine learning algorithm to learn how to combine these features to predict the essay's overall score.

What are the benefits of AES?

AES has a number of potential benefits, including:

  • Speed: AES systems can grade essays much faster than human graders. This can be especially beneficial for large-scale assessments, such as standardized tests.
  • Consistency: AES systems are more consistent than human graders. This is because they are not influenced by subjective factors, such as fatigue or bias.
  • Accuracy: AES systems can be very accurate, especially if they are trained on a large dataset of high-quality training data.


What are the drawbacks of AES? AES also has some potential drawbacks, including:

  • Cost: Developing and deploying AES systems can be expensive.
  • Fairness: AES systems can be biased against certain groups of students, such as those who speak English as a second language.
  • Accuracy: AES systems can sometimes make mistakes, especially if they are not trained on a high-quality dataset or if the essays being graded are very complex.

Overall, AES is a promising technology with the potential to revolutionize the way that essays are graded. However, it is important to be aware of the potential drawbacks of AES before using it in a high-stakes setting.

Automated Compliance Scoring

PROMPT TO GEMINI: Projects have to provide documentation on how they are using and mapping to the enterprise's architecture, the architecture has predefined criteria, architectural artifacts, how could ai be used to score the project's submission?

GEMINI'S RESPONSE: AI can be a valuable tool for scoring project submissions related to enterprise architecture alignment. Here's how:

Analyzing Documentation:

  • Keyword Matching: Train an AI model to identify keywords or phrases related to specific architectural artifacts, criteria, and mapping methods within the project documentation. This can flag submissions that lack crucial details or use incorrect terminology.
  • Sentiment Analysis: AI can analyze the overall tone and clarity of the documentation. This can help identify submissions that are vague, poorly written, or lack confidence in their approach.

Code Analysis (if applicable):

  • Pattern Recognition: If project submissions include code or configuration files, AI can be used to identify patterns that indicate adherence to architectural principles. This could involve looking for specific coding styles, library usage, or adherence to established design patterns.

Scoring and Feedback:

  • Weighted Scoring: Assign different weights to various criteria based on their importance. The AI can then score submissions based on the presence and quality of these elements in the documentation or code.
  • Feedback Generation: AI can be used to generate automated feedback reports highlighting areas where the submission meets or misses the mark. This can point the project team towards specific sections of the documentation that need improvement.

Important Considerations:

  • Training Data: The effectiveness of AI for scoring relies heavily on the quality of the training data. This data should include well-documented, high-scoring projects that exemplify good architectural alignment.
  • Human Oversight: AI should not replace human judgment entirely. A human reviewer should examine flagged submissions and the AI's feedback to ensure accuracy and catch nuances AI might miss.
  • Bias Mitigation: Be mindful of potential biases in the training data that could skew the AI's scoring. Regularly review and adjust the training data to ensure fairness and alignment with evolving architectural principles.


Overall, AI can be a powerful tool to streamline the initial evaluation of project submissions, but human expertise remains crucial for in-depth analysis and final decisions.

How to Write A Proposal

Grant