Supervised

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• Supervised Learning ... Semi-Supervised ... Self-Supervised ... Unsupervised
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• Process Supervision
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• End-to-End Speech ... Synthesize Speech ... Speech Recognition ... Music
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• Average-Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) Weight-Dropped LSTM (AWD-LSTM)
• Agents ... Robotic Process Automation ... Assistants ... Personal Companions ... Productivity ... Email ... Negotiation ... LangChain
• Large Language Model (LLM) ... Natural Language Processing (NLP) ...Generation ... Classification ... Understanding ... Translation ... Tools & Services
• Sequence to Sequence (Seq2Seq)
• Recurrent Neural Network (RNN)
• Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM)
• Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) ... a better model, but less investment than the larger OpenAI organization
• Supervised vs Unsupervised Learning | Daniel Nelson - Unite.ai
• Supervised Learning | Wikipedia
• ChatGPT is everywhere. Here’s where it came from | Will Douglas Heaven - MIT Technology Review
• Artificial Intelligence (AI) ... Generative AI ... Machine Learning (ML) ... Deep Learning ... Neural Network ... Reinforcement ... Learning Techniques
• Conversational AI ... ChatGPT | OpenAI ... Bing/Copilot | Microsoft ... Gemini | Google ... Claude | Anthropic ... Perplexity ... You ... phind ... Ernie | Baidu:
  • Attention Mechanism ...Transformer ...Generative Pre-trained Transformer (GPT) ... GAN ... BERT
  • Reinforcement Learning (RL) from Human Feedback (RLHF)
  • Policy ... Policy vs Plan ... Constitutional AI ... Trust Region Policy Optimization (TRPO) ... Policy Gradient (PG) ... Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO)

Supervised Learning a type of Machine Learning (ML) where a computer is trained to make predictions based on labeled examples, learning a function that maps input to output. It is used in applications like image and Speech Recognition, and Natural Language Processing (NLP). In supervised learning, you provide a training data set with answers, such as a set of pictures of animals along with the names of the animals. The goal of that training would be a model that could correctly identify a picture (of a kind of animal that was included in the training set) that it had not previously seen. Training and evaluation turn supervised learning algorithms into models by optimizing their parameters to find the set of values that best matches the ground truth of your data. The algorithms often rely on variants of steepest descent for their optimizers, for example stochastic gradient descent (SGD), which is essentially steepest descent performed multiple times from randomized starting points. Common refinements on SGD add factors that correct the direction of the gradient based on momentum or adjust the learning rate based on progress from one pass through the data (called an epoch) to the next. Machine learning algorithms explained | Martin Heller - InfoWorld

This kind of learning is possible when inputs and the outputs are clearly identified, and algorithms are trained using labeled examples. To understand this better, let’s consider the following example: an equipment could have data points labeled F (failed) or R (runs). Machine Learning: What it is and Why it Matters | Priyadharshini @ simplilearn

There are two main types of supervised learning problems: they are classification that involves predicting a class label and regression that involves predicting a numerical value.

• Classification: Supervised learning problem that involves predicting a class label.
• Regression: Supervised learning problem that involves predicting a numerical label.

Both classification and regression problems may have one or more input variables and input variables may be any data type, such as numerical or categorical. 14 Different Types of Learning in Machine Learning | Jason Brownlee - Machine Learning Mastery

Active Learning

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Active learning makes training a supervised model an iterative process. The model trains on an initial subset of labeled data from a large dataset. Then, it tries to make predictions on the rest of the unlabeled data based on what it has learned. ML engineers evaluate how certain the model is in its predictions and, by using a variety of acquisition functions, can quantify the performance benefit added by annotating one of the unlabeled samples. By expressing uncertainty in its predictions, the model is deciding for itself what additional data will be most useful for its training. In doing so, it asks annotators to provide more examples of only that specific type of data so that it can train more intensively on that subset during its next round of training. Think of it like quizzing a student to figure out where their knowledge gap is. Once you know what problems they are missing, you can provide them with textbooks, presentations and other materials so that they can target their learning to better understand that particular aspect of the subject. With active learning, training a model moves from being a linear process to a circular one with a strong feedback loop. - Active learning is the future of generative AI: Here’s how to leverage it | Eric Landau - TechCrunch