Term Frequency, Inverse Document Frequency (TF-IDF)

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This statistic represents words’ importance in each document. We use a word's frequency as a proxy for its importance: if "football" is mentioned 25 times in a document, it might be more important than if it was only mentioned once. We also use the document frequency (the number of documents containing a given word) as a measure of how common the word is. This minimizes the effect of stop-words such as pronouns, or domain-specific language that does not add much information (for example, a word such as "news" that might be present in most documents).