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• 101+ Free Python Books | Christian
  • Making Games with Python & Pygame 3rd Edition 2015 | Al Sweigart - Invent with Python - 11 games
• AI is becoming esports’ secret weapon | Berk Ozer - VentureBeat
• Inside the LARPS (ive-action role-playing game) that let Human Players Experience AI Life | Tasha Robinson
• An introduction to Deep Q-Learning: let’s play Doom
• AI and Games Series; an Informed Overview | Dr Tommy Thompson
• Game Changer: AlphaZero's Groundbreaking Chess Strategies and the Promise of AI | M. Sadler and N. Regan
• Artificial Intelligence in Video Games | Wikipedia
• Using Machine Learning Agents Toolkit in a real game: a beginner’s guide | Alessia Nigretti - Unity
• Google:
  • AlphaStar: Mastering the Real-Time Strategy Game StarCraft II
  • Google’s AI surfs the “gamescape” to conquer game theory | Tiernan Ray
  • DeepMind’s AI can now play all 57 Atari games—but it’s still not versatile enough | MIT Technology Review ...Agent57 | DeepMind
  • OpenSpiel: A Framework for Reinforcement Learning in Games | M. Lanctot, E. Lockhart, J. Lespiau1, V. Zambaldi1, S. Upadhyay, J. Pérolat, S. Srinivasan, F. Timbers, K. Tuyls, S. Omidshafiei, D. Hennes, D. Morrill1, P. Muller, T. Ewalds, R. Faulkner, J. Kramár, B. De Vylder, B. Saeta, J. Bradbury, D. Ding, S. Borgeaud, M. Lai1, J. Schrittwieser, T. Anthony, E. Hughes, I. Danihelka and J. Ryan-Davis - DeepMind
    • OpenSpiel | GitHub
    • DeepMind details OpenSpiel, a collection of AI training tools for video games | Kyle Wiggers - VentureBeat
• This AI Robot Will Beat You at Jenga | Jesus Diaz
• In This Browser Game, Your Opponents Are Neural Networks | Dan Robitzski - Futurism
• You can do nearly anything you want in this incredible AI-powered game | Patricia Hernandez - Polygon To play Jupyter-notebook based game click... AI Dungeon 2
• Intrinsic Algorithm | Dave Mark reducing the world to mathematical equations

NVIDIA: 40 Years on, PAC-MAN ...2020

• GameGAN, a generative adversarial network trained on 50,000 PAC-MAN episodes, produces a fully functional version of the dot-munching classic without an underlying game engine.

OpenAI: Hide and Seek ... 2019

• Emergent Tool Use from Multi-Agent Interaction | OpenAI
• Emergent Tool Use from Multi-Agent Autocurricula B. Baker, I. Kanitscheider, T. Markov, Y. Wu, G. Powell, B. McGrew, and I. Mordatch

Brown & Sandholm: 6-player Poker ...2019

• Occlusions
• Facebook and Carnegie Mellon (CMU) ‘superhuman’ poker AI beats human pros, ‘It can bluff better than any human.’ | James Vincent - The Verge

Google DeepMind AlphaGo Zero: Go ...2016

• China's 'Sputnik Moment' and the Sino-American Battle for AI Supremacy | Kai-Fu Lee - Asia Society
• Move 37, or how AI can change the world | George Zarkadakis - HuffPost
• Was AlphaGo's Move 37 Inevitable? | Katherine Bailey

IBM: Watson: Jeopardy ...2011

• IBM Watson: The inside story of how the Jeopardy-winning supercomputer was born, and what it wants to do next | Jo Best - TechRepublic

John Conway: The Game of Life (GoL) ...1970

• Game_of_Life
• MATHEMATICAL GAMES: The fantastic combinations of John Conway's new solitaire game "life" | Martin Gardner - Scientific American 223 (October 1970): 120-123.
• Wikipedia
• Evolving Game of Life: Neural Networks, Chaos, and Complexity | Tom Grek - Medium

The Rules

• For a space that is 'populated':
  • Each cell with one or no neighbors dies, as if by solitude.
  • Each cell with four or more neighbors dies, as if by overpopulation.
  • Each cell with two or three neighbors survives.
• For a space that is 'empty' or 'unpopulated'
  • Each cell with three neighbors becomes populated.

Donald Waterman: Draw Poker ...1968

• Donald Waterman publications - production systems

Donald Michie: Noughts and Crosses ...1960

• Experiments on the mechanization of game-learning Part I. Characterization of the model and its parameters | Donald Michie
• Play against the online version of MENACE | Matt Scroggs
• Playing Noughts and Crosses using MENACE | Richard Bowles

MENACE (the Machine Educable Noughts And Crosses Engine) “learns” to play Noughts and Crosses by playing the game repeatedly against another player, each time refining its strategy until after having played a certain number of games it becomes almost perfect and its opponent is only able to draw or lose against it. The learning process involves being “punished” for losing and “rewarded” for drawing or winning, in much the same way that a child learns. This type of machine learning is called Reinforcement Learning (RL). Menace: the Machine Educable Noughts And Crosses Engine | Oliver Child - Chalkdust

MENACE makes a move when the human player randomly picks a bead out of the box that represents the game’s current state. The colour of the bead determines where MENACE will move. In some versions of MENACE, there were beads that only represented more blatant moves such as the side, centre, or corner. The human player chooses the beads at random, just like a neural network’s weights are random at the start. Also like weights, the beads are adjusted when there is failure or success. At the end of each game, if MENACE loses, each bead MENACE used is removed from each box. If MENACE wins, three beads the same as the colour used during each individual turn are added to their respective box. If if the game resulted in a draw, one bead is added. How 300 Matchboxes Learned to Play Tic-Tac-Toe Using MENACE | Caspar Wylie - Open Data Science (ODSC)

Hexapawn

• How to build a game-learning machine and then teach it to play and to win | Martin Gardner

Arthur Samuel: Checkers ...1950s

• Arthur Samuel - heuristics
• The Game of Checkers: Solved, 2007

Books

Invent Your Own Computer Games with Python | Al Sweigart

Deep Learning and the Game of Go | Max Pumperla, Kevin Ferguson

Hands-On Deep Learning for Games: Leverage the power of neural networks and reinforcement learning to build intelligent games | Micheal Lanham

Machine learning and Artificial Intelligence 2.0 with Big Data: Building Video Games using Python 3.7 and Pygame | Narendra Mohan Mittal